Which measure has been shown to reduce the incidence of ear infections in children?

• A. Wearing a hat outside reduces ear infections.
• B. Avoid tobacco smoke.
• C. Otitis media is contagious and can be transmitted between children.
• D. Antihistamines prevent ear infections.

Answer: (B)

Avoiding exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke is a proven way to reduce ear infections in children. Smoke irritates the nose and throat and can inflame and impair the function of the Eustachian tube, making it easier for germs to reach and stay in the middle ear. This impaired drainage and increased susceptibility to upper respiratory infections raise the risk of acute otitis media and persistent ear problems. In households without smoke exposure, the incidence of ear infections is lower, which is why this measure is highlighted as effective.

Wearing a hat outside, while helpful for preventing heat loss, does not influence ear infection risk. Otitis media being contagious describes transmission potential but doesn’t offer a preventive action. Antihistamines, on the other hand, have not been shown to prevent ear infections and are not recommended for this purpose due to limited benefit and possible side effects.